Mechanical turbulence intensity is influenced by which two factors?

Mechanical turbulence intensity is primarily influenced by wind speed and the roughness of obstructions in the environment. Wind speed affects the amount of energy in the flow of air; higher wind speeds can create stronger turbulence as the air interacts with various surface obstructions.

Roughness refers to the characteristics of the terrain or objects on the surface that disrupt the flow of air, such as trees, buildings, and hills. A rougher surface increases the likelihood of turbulence because the airflow is disturbed more significantly. In contrast, a smooth surface allows for a more uniform airflow, resulting in reduced turbulence.

Understanding these two factors is crucial for pilots and air traffic controllers, as mechanical turbulence can impact flight safety and performance during takeoff, landing, and low-level flight. The other options relate to various atmospheric conditions but do not directly impact mechanical turbulence in the same way that wind speed and surface roughness do.