The turbulence caused by obstacles blocking wind flow is referred to as ____.

The term that describes the turbulence caused by obstacles blocking wind flow is mechanical turbulence. This type of turbulence typically occurs when airflow is disrupted by natural or man-made obstructions such as buildings, mountains, or trees. When wind encounters these obstacles, it can create a turbulent wake behind them, leading to chaotic air movement locally.

Mechanical turbulence is particularly important for pilots to understand because it can affect flight characteristics, especially during takeoff and landing. Recognizing areas where this turbulence may occur can aid in ensuring safer and smoother flight operations.

In contrast, other types of turbulence like convective turbulence are generally associated with the vertical motions of air due to thermal heating, while thermal turbulence occurs due to uneven heating of the Earth's surface. Wind shear refers to changes in wind direction and speed at different altitudes, which can also lead to turbulence but is not specifically about obstruction of airflow by physical objects.