This cause of turbulence occurs in storms and is caused by strong updrafts/downdrafts.

The reason "Convective" is the correct answer lies in the characteristics of convective turbulence, which is associated with stormy weather conditions. Convective turbulence arises from strong vertical movements in the atmosphere, specifically updrafts and downdrafts that are common in thunderstorms or other convective weather systems. This turbulence is a direct result of uneven heating of the Earth's surface, which creates buoyancy effects that lead to these vertical motions.

When storms develop, particularly thunderstorms, the intense heating can lead to vigorous updrafts that push air high into the atmosphere, and the subsequent downdrafts can bring that air back down rapidly. This energy exchange can create turbulence, potentially causing challenges for aircraft. Understanding convective turbulence is crucial for pilots and air traffic controllers as they navigatively manage air traffic in and around stormy conditions.

The other options refer to different types of turbulence that do not specifically arise from the phenomena associated with storm systems. For example, mechanical turbulence is typically caused by the interaction of wind with the terrain, while thermal turbulence is related to the uneven heating of the Earth's surface leading to vertical motions without the same degree of severity found in convective conditions. Wind shear involves changes in wind speed or direction and can lead to turbulence, but is a