What is the term used to describe the maximum distance at which the runway can be seen from a position above its center line?

The term "runway visual range" refers to the maximum distance at which a pilot can see the runway from a point above its center line. It is an important measurement in aviation, particularly for landing operations, as it helps determine whether pilots have sufficient visibility to safely approach and land on a runway. The runway visual range assesses the effectiveness of visual cues available to pilots and provides critical information regarding the prevailing weather conditions, especially in low visibility scenarios caused by fog, rain, or other obstructions.

Using this terminology ensures that all aviation professionals are on the same page when discussing visual conditions, facilitating safer and more efficient operations. Other terms presented in the options either do not specifically refer to visibility limits in a runway context or describe different facets of airport operations, which is why they are not fitting in this context.